US and UK Forge Nuclear Power Alliance, Ushering in New Era of SMRs

September 20, 2025

The United States and the United Kingdom have solidified a significant partnership aimed at accelerating the development and deployment of nuclear power, with a particular focus on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This landmark "Atlantic Partnership for Advanced Nuclear Energy" seeks to bolster energy security, drive economic growth, and advance low-carbon energy solutions for both nations.

Key Takeaways

A multibillion-pound deal signed by UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and US President Donald Trump.
Focus on accelerating the construction of new nuclear reactors, including SMRs and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs).
Streamlined regulatory processes to speed up reactor approvals.
Significant private sector investment and job creation anticipated.
Aims to reduce dependence on Russian nuclear materials.

Expanding Nuclear Capabilities

The agreement outlines several key projects designed to expand nuclear power generation. Centrica, a major UK energy supplier, is partnering with US firm X-energy to develop up to 12 advanced modular reactors in Hartlepool, England. This initiative is projected to power 1.5 million homes and create approximately 2,500 jobs.

Another significant venture involves US company Holtec, France’s EDF Energy, and UK firm Tritax. They plan to develop advanced data centers powered by SMRs in Nottinghamshire, valued at around $15 billion. This project aims to create thousands of high-skilled construction jobs and long-term local employment.

Streamlining Approvals and Fostering Collaboration

A crucial aspect of the partnership is the reform of nuclear regulatory processes. By allowing safety checks conducted in one country to be recognized by the other, the time required for reactor approvals is expected to be reduced from three to four years down to as little as two. This collaborative approach aims to fast-track design approvals and bring new reactors online more quickly.

Furthermore, the deal builds upon existing collaborations, such as the one between British firm Rolls-Royce and American company BWXT, and explores new commercial projects. Rolls-Royce has also entered the US regulatory process for its SMRs, signaling its intent for wider deployment.

Economic Impact and Future Outlook

The pact is anticipated to deliver substantial economic benefits, with estimates suggesting an overall program value of around $54.4 billion. The UK government highlights that this investment is expected to create tens of thousands of jobs and solidify the UK’s position as a leading destination for nuclear investment. The partnership also extends to fusion energy research, promoting joint experimental programs and the development of advanced simulation tools.

The agreement also addresses the supply of nuclear fuels, with UK-based Urenco agreeing to supply high-assay low-enriched uranium (Haleu) to the US market. This move is part of a broader strategy to eliminate dependence on Russian nuclear materials by the end of 2028.